什么是英语的句子

  • 必须具备主谓结构，并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语的话，宾语一定是谓语动作的承受者。

英语句子的基本结构

一、主谓

二、主谓宾

  • 谓语：实义动词

三、主谓表

  • 谓语：系动词 (没有被动)
    • am is are was were will be
    • 感官动词：look（ = seem = appear）、smell（气味n）、taste（n喜爱，have taste for something）、sound（n.声音、adj.甜美的，your sound sounds sound）、feel
    • 变化 become、get、turn、grow、fall
    • 保持 keep、stay、remain、stand
    • 终止 prove

四、主谓双宾

五、主谓宾补

  • 只需要在最后两个宾语后加be动词，如果读起来意思是对的，就是主谓宾宾补，意思不对就是双宾。

句子的成分

词性的问题

一、谓语

1.谓语的成分

有时态的实义动词、系动词充当谓语

2.动词能不能多

  • 谓语只能是动词，动词只能做谓语。

  • 所以我们需要把一句话当中，所有不做谓语的动词，全部都变成“不是动词”（ing主动，ed被动，to do目的）—非 谓语动词 ，可以做除了谓语动词的所有成分。

  • 一句话当中只能有一个动词存在并且充当谓语，多余的动词全部都要变成非 谓语动词。

  • 一个句子有多个动词，谁的意思最重要选做谓语，其余变为非谓语动词。

    He putting on his jacket,locking the door,left home.

    Pandas are the rarest members in bear family,mainly living in the forest of Chinese South west.

    长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

    Yang Zi River flowing through diverse ecological systems,keeps the home of a sea of endangered species,irrigating Chinese 1/5 land.

  • 英语中所有的系动词都可以替换be动词

  • 我爱你,你爱我

    I loving you ，you love me. 独立主格

  • 冬天来了，春天就不远了。

    Winter approaching ,spring will be around the corner.

  • 我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌

    Being a teacher，I have passion for singing songs.

3.动词能不能少

绝对不能,当一句话需要动词而没有动词的时候，永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思。

  • Your mother must be very beautiful.
  • I am against you.

谓语的总结：一句话当中，有且只能有一个有时态的实义动词或系动词的存在，并且充当谓语。

二、主语

1.主语的成分

名称、代词、非谓语动词、从句（引导词+句子）

Handsomeness and strength are his nature.

Being handsome and strong is his nature.

非谓语动词作主语谓语动词用单数。

2.主语能不能少

祈使句有主语，如果没有主语：

  • 加it作为主语：必须与天气、温度、时间有关系。

    It feels exceedingly hot in the cabin.

  • there be 句型，听到“有”的时候使用。there exist/seem/remain

    there exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me

  • 被动：当听到一句话没有主语，或者是人称代词作主语的时候，都可以考虑写成被动。Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.

    Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by anincreasing amount of professors.

  • 三种情况无被动：

    • 动词后面有介词时，无被动（不及物动词）
    • 系动词没有被动
    • have表达“有”的意思时，无被动

  • 人称代词作主语（I、you、we）不到万不得已，最好不要用

    If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieved.

三、宾语

名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句

四、表语

名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语

I like being in CQ .

Ladies love be beautiful.

五、同位语

名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句

  • 用来解释名词的成分

    I like Eason ,a well-known singer from Hong Kong.

    I,a university student like Eason.

    My mother ,a typical housewife ,enjoys playing Mahjong,a Chinese entertainment.

  • 只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的在后面加同位语，对该名词进行补充说明。persistence,an active mentality, plays a critical role in the glories of all children and adults.

简单句在写作中的使用

考点分析

一、写作

  • 所有写不来的长难句，暂时都先写成简单句，一定要保证语法正确。
  • 所有不会写的单词都可以写成自己会的

二、长难句分析

  • 找动词，也就是谓语，再找到主谓宾。
  • 如果一句话中有多个动词，就确定主句的谓语动词（前面没有引导词的动词，就是主句的谓语动词）

三、练习

  • I feel upset

  • it is becoming warm throughout the world.

  • being jealous is a kind of worship.

  • Being meaningful proves to live well.

  • Living well seems to doing meaningful things.

    非谓语动词做主语谓语动词用单数.

  • There is little doubt that the issue of spoiling children is becoming growingly severe.

什么是并列句

一、就是用连词连接两个句子

二、英语中常见的并列连词

  • 平行：and，not only… but also…

    similarly、equally,likewise,at the same time, in the mean while

  • 转折关系：but、yet、while，where as

    however,nevertheless,on the contrary,conversely,unexpectedly,unfortunately,by contrast

  • 选择：or，whether …or …

    alternatively

  • 因果关系：for、so

    therefore,thus,consequently,as a result

  • 递进： then

    besides,furthermore,moreover additionally,subsequently,in addition

三、并列句的考点分析

1.写作

只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)

  • 练习

    Romance has evaporated，but she still misses the past.

  • 连词与副词、介词短语的区别

  • 连词和其他的逻辑关系词的区别在于，连词的前边有无逗号均可，而其他的逻辑关系词前边，要不用句号，要不加连词and.

  • there remain an army of companies coming from afar,and consequently,I feel more than delighted

  • I am claimed changeable like water.

    By contrast,my clarity keeps consistent

  • Do you still keep that day in mind?I failed to pass CET4，and as a result ,I shed tears in the rain alone.At the same time ,you came up to me and subsequently you beat my shoulder and tell me “there exists no destination in life”.

2.完型填空

  • 只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就ok了。

3.长难句分析

I was beaten and you.

在分析长难句的时候，只要有并列连词的出现通常都会有省略。

分析长难句的第二步是找连词，但是当连词在连接两个单词的时候，这个连词就装作没看见。

那如何查找省略的内容呢？

  • 一句话只要有省略只能在连词后，连词前是不可能有省略的。->所有连词后面有的成分，连词前面通常都要有：如果连词后只有一个成分的话，连词前一定能找到对应成分，如果连词后有多个成分的话，连词前一定能找到其中一个成分。->连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的部分。
  • 代词指代：就近原则和一致原则

名词和名词性从句

一、名词能够充当的成分

  • 主语、宾语、表语、同位语

    阿甘正专

    The movie looks terrific.

    I admire his mother.

    I admire what she said.

    Gump is a man.

    Gump is who we should learn from

    I enjoy the part,the beginning.

    I enjoy the part that a bird is flying

二、什么是名词性从句

  • 名词在句子中充当的成分，从句都能充当。

三、名词性从句的引导词

  • (That)He has got divorced is my fault.

  • (Whether)Has he got divorced is obvious.要变陈述句，一般疑问句带了是否的意思，加是否要变称述句。

    whether he has got divorced is obvious.

  • (不用加)Who will he marry is a secret.

    who he will marry is a secret.

  • 名词性从句的引导词是根据从句的类型分的类，一共分成三类：

    • that：当从句是陈述句时，并且that在从句中补充当任何成分也没有任何意思。
    • wether：当从句是一般疑问句时，并且wether在从句中也不充当任何成分，意思是是否。
    • 所有的特殊疑问词：当从句是特殊疑问句时。
    • 并且英语中所有的从句一定都是陈述句的形式，也就是引导词加主语加谓语的形式。

四、练习

  • 我正在思考外星人存在吗？

    I am wondering whether aliens exist. (宾语从句)

  • 女人总是对的是一个常识

    That ladies tend to be right remains common knowledge.

  • 我的意思是孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德

    My meaning seems that supporting the elderly remains a Chinese conventional virtue.

  • 有一天你会发现事业亲情友情都比爱情重要

    Someday,one will perceive that career,kinship and friendship prove more indispensable than romance.(that 引导的并与从句)

  • 关键是你什么时候有钱

    The point seems when you wealth will become available for you.

五、名词性从句的考点分析

1.写作

  • 主语从句满分句型：

    主语从句放在句末，用it做 形式主语

    it is keeps common knowledge that ladies tend to be right.

  • 几个满分句型

    it …that…

    it is apparent that …

    lt looks beyond dispute that…

    it has been widely accepted that …

    it is universally acknowledged that …

    显而易见，众所周知（主语从句的满分句型可以写在文章中任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子）

    it keeps my argument that … 我认为

  • 练习

    it looks beyond dispute that the issue about diligence has been brought into the limelight

  • 同位语从句

    The matter that he managed to find a girlfriend makes his superiors rejoiced.

    同位语即可它所解释的名词后，也可放在整句话的后面。

    Nothing can hide the truth that she is getting old.

    The outlook that proves wrong that private individuals in HeNan seem all deceivers.

    The evidence that flowers in the green house fail to under go storms indicates that kids should by no means be spoiled by their senior citizens.

2.长难句分析

  • 能够识别各个名词性从句并且通顺的翻译。
如何识别主语从句

  • 一句话开始，主语或状语，状语后有逗号。

  • 只要见到有引导词放在句首，并且从句后没有被逗号隔开，就一定是主语从句。

  • 主语从句从名词后开始到谓语动词结束，除此以外见到it…that…也通常都是主语从句，主语从句从that开始到句末结束

  • (That the plates are moving) is now beyond dispute.

  • 先把各个成分翻译好，在变成通顺的句子。

  • （Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often ）depends on （the issue of which is seen as the driving force.）

    政府应该以牺牲技术为代价增加对纯科学的投入，还是以牺牲纯科学为代价增加对技术的投入，这取决于哪一个问题被视为驱动力。

  • (How well the predictions will be validated by later performance) depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

  • It is generally agreed that( a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily,make distinctions,reason logically,and make use of verbal (省略who can)and mathematical symbols in solving problems.)

    显而易见的是，一个高智商的人是能够轻易地理解他人的想法，能够做出辨别，能够进行逻辑推理，并且还能使用文字和数学符号来解决问题。

如何识别宾语从句

只要实义动词有个引导词就暂定为宾语从句（状语从句还没讲呦）

  • She said( that) she would marry an old rich man.
  • I wonder if (是否)I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.
  • This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in，A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of(在…之中) eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
  • He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. ( in doing something 在……的过程中）
  • You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.
如何识别表语从句
  • 只要系动词后面有个引导词就是表语从句
  • Women are much too preoccupied by family. Once the marriage begins to disintegrate, they are lost. That is where their unhappiness spring from and that is why most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims.
如何识别同位语从句

  • 只要名词后面有个引导词就暂定为同位语从句，更可能为定语从句

  • Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

    定语后面还有定语从后面的定语往前推

  • Evidence came up that specific speech are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

定语和定语从句

一、什么是定语？

只要听到…的＋名词 ，…的就是修饰这个名词的定语

二、定语的成分

1.形容词作定语

  • The innocent（小孩善良）nightingale died.
  • The nightingale brave and innocent died.
  • my、his….

2.名词（短语）作定语

  • The nightingale’s singsing can make the rose bloom.

  • The singing of the nightingale can make

    the rose bloom(开放).

3.介词短语作定语

  • The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the youngster.

4.非谓语动词作定语

  • That singing nightingale lost his life.

5.从句作定语

  • The rose the nightingale exchanged with his life was discarded

三、定语的位置

1.前小后大

  • 当一个单词修饰名词的时候，通常放在名词前

  • 多个单词修饰名词的时候，通常放在名词后

  • This is a fiction [ about a nightingale 介短]and a rose. (标题不能用the)

  • The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.

  • The rejected boy looks pitiful（可怜的）.

    The boy rejected looks pitiful.

    当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即时只有一个单词也通常放到名词后.

    I have something important to tell you.

    当形容词修饰不定代词的时候，即时只有一个单词也通常放到名词后.

四、定语从句

1.定语从句的构成

n.+引导词+句子

2.定语从句的引导词

定语从句的引导词是按照先行词的种类分的类，分成5类。

  • 人：who、whom、whose、that(正式一般不用指人)
  • 物：that、which、whose
  • 时间：that、which、when
  • 地点: that、which、where
  • 原因：that、which、why

3.谁决定引导词的用法

  • 例子：

    • I will never forget the day (when) I met you.

      that 是代词，充当主、宾、表

      when是副词，不缺主谓宾就能填

      that在名词型从句中是引导词，在定语从句中是关系代词，在不同的从句中角色不一样。

    • I will never forget the day that we spent.

    • You had better have some reason why sounds perfect.

    • 副词不能做主语或宾语，谁也不知道，记住即可

  • 看先行词，引导词能在从句中做什么成分，共同决定了定语从句引导词的用法

4.定语从句的引导词的分类新标准

分成三类

  • 代词(在从句中充当主语或宾语成分)：that、which、who(可作主语或宾语)、whom(只能做宾语)
  • 副词(在从句不充当成分): when、where、why
  • 形容词(在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词)：whose(不做成分)

5.练习

  • The rose that the exchanged (这里缺宾语) with his life was discarded.

  • Buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful.

  • It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who have dreams.

  • Wearing my own shoes proves not only convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored.(单三)

  • The point of the issue seems who should be responsible for the decline of ethics.

  • He whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind.(定语从句)

  • It seems indispensable that those who spare no efforts to realize their dreams never feel pitiful although they fail to achieve glories.

  • 上课不集中精力而又希望通过考试的学生结果不能令人满意。

    Students who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly tend to find that the consequence proves less impressive.

五、定语从句的特殊用法

1.that作引导词的省略

  • that在引导定语从句时，如果在从句中充当宾语，that可以省略

    I enjoy the book my bought for me.

  • 在分析长难句时，如果见到有两个名词或者代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词和标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了that的定语从句。

2.区别限制和非限制性定语从句

  • I love liu ，who is beautiful. 我喜欢刘老师，她很漂亮

    I love liu who is beautiful. 我爱漂亮的刘老师

  • 在分析长难句，非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语可以完全不看

3.先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况

  • 先行词和引导词之间有介词人不能用who，只能用whom，物不用that，只能用which
  • He is the manfrom whom we should learn from.
  • I will never forget the day on which I met you.

4.区别the same…as; the same … that 引导的定语从句。

  • He is the same man as I love. 像 ，不是一个人
  • He is the same man that I love. 是 ， 是一个人

5.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句

  • which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整个句子，as也可以,但是which只能放在主句的后面，而as则可前可后。
  • He enjoys talking with young ladies，which drives me mad.

6.定语从句中引导词that和which的区别

  • 用which的情况
    • 引导非限制性定语从句
    • 放在介词后作宾语时，通常用which
  • 用that的情况
    • 当先行词时不定代词much、little，none，all，few，every(thing)，any(thing)，no(thing)等时.
    • 当主句以here、there开头时
    • 当先行词被the only，the same，the very等限定词修饰时
    • 当先行词被any，few，little，no，all，much，some等词修饰时
    • 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
    • 当先行词时疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时
    • 当先行词既有人又有物的时候

六、区别定语从句和同位语从句

I have a dream that sounds funny.（定语从句）

I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.（同位语从句）

1.看从句本身的意思

  • 定语从句是对前面名词的修饰，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释

2.看引导词是否在从句中充当成分

  • 如果充当成分就是定语从句，没有充当成分就是同位语从句。

3.看先行词的类型

  • 定语从句的先行词可以是所有名词，同位语从句的名词必须是抽象名词(可以解释).

4.看引导词

  • 定语从句的引导词有8个，而同位语从句的引导词一般都是that.

七、定语从句的至难点

寻找先行词

如何寻找先行词

  • 定语从句的先行词是它前面最近的那个名词

  • 定语从句的先行词是它前面的几个名词

    For workers it can mean an end to the security,benefits and sense of importence that came from being a loyal enployee.

  • 定语从句的先行词是它前面的一个从句

    The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

  • 定语从句的先行词是它前面的一个句子

  • 定语从句的先行词和引导词被隔开了

必须读懂这句话，才能知道先行词是什么

八、定语从句的考点分析

1.写作

只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的把定语拉长

  • Pets can reduce loneliness.

    Pets which look cute as well as healthy can reduce loneliness of senior citizens without any children who can take care of them.

  • Reading books can add knowledge.

    Reading books such as red and black which keep beneficial to our physical and mental health can add knowledge of all children and adults.

2.英汉差异对比

  • 汉语讲究意合、英文形合

    句子结构上、逻辑关系词的使用上

  • 汉语多主动、英语多被动

    In the past decades years，a variety of actions were adopted by the authorities to prevent disasters.

  • 汉语多短句、英语多长句

    WuZhen is a water town in ZJ province.

    It locates near the river from BJ to HangZhou.

    • 非谓语动词

      WuZhen is a water town in ZJ province , locating near the river from BJ to HangZhou.

    • 加连词，两句话

      WuZhen is a water town in ZJ province and it locates near the river from BJ to HangZhou.

    • 改为定语

      WuZhen which locates near the river from BJ to HangZhou is a water town in ZJ province.

  • When I played football alone yesterday,I came across a lady on the playground whose son was running.

  • Doors will be decorated by couplets whose topics are involved in health、wealth and good luck.

3.长难句分析

能够找到一句话当中的定语成分，并且把它们通顺的翻译。

  • 如何找定语？

    • 找名词，只要名词后有一坨东西，只要这一坨东西不是动词，就暂定为修饰这个名词的定语。(还有可能是状语)

    • 定语从名词后开始到主句的谓语动词结束，如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后的话，定语就从名词后开始，通常到句末结束。

    • 如果定语后有连词的话，定语不再是到句末结束，而是到连词之前结束。

    • 一个大定语中通常有无数个小定语，每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束，但是固定搭配除外。

      Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent(从某种承度上) self-accelerating(自我加速).

  • 练习

    • In Europe,as elsewhere, ,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring togrther teltvision,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
    • Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.
    • Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.
    • After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives(修饰政府) of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
    • Whether to use tests，other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as costs and availability.

状语和状语从句

一、形容词、副词能充当什么成分

1. 形容词

  • 放在名词前面做了定语，放在系动词后面做了表语

2.副词

  • 修饰实义动词

    he cried sadly.

  • 修饰形容词

    he looks especially sad.

  • 副词修饰副词

    he cried rather sadly.

  • 副词修饰整个句子

    Actually，he cries.

副词无论在哪都是状语

二、什么是状语

1.状语的含义

  • 状语就是在一句话当中，用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
  • 状语在句子当中，除了名词不能修饰，其他都可以修饰

三、状语的成分

  • 副词、副词短语 she cried sadly like a boy losing his toy.
  • 介词短语 He runs fasts like a crazy dog.
  • 非谓语动词 she cried,sitting there.
  • 从句 She cried when she sat there.

四、状语的位置

随便放

插入语要么属于定语、要么属于状语、要么是状语

五、状语从句

  • 引导词的分类标准
  • 状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分的类，一共分成九类。

1.时间状语从句

  • 引导词

    • when = while = as

      当while翻译成“当…的时候”，后面用进行时态。

    • before

    • after

    • since 自从 只要一句话有since，主句一般是现在完成时。

      I have fallen in love with you,since i met you.

    • the moment = as soon as

    • by the time

    • until

    • not…until

  • 状语从句的时态问题

    • When romance comes，I will hold her hands.

      在所有状语从句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。

    • When love came, I failed to hold her hands.

  • 区别until和not…until

    • I will wait here until you come.

      I will not leave until you come.

      看主句的谓语动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词，延续性用until，瞬间用not…until。

    • I didn’t realize the greatness of mothers until I grew up.

  • when引导的时间状语从句省略的情况

    • When a kid, I enjoyed singing songs.

      When引导的时间状语从句，如果主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语中有be动词，此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略。

2.地点状语从句

  • 地点状语引导词 where

  • 例句

    This kind of trees grow well in moist places.

    This kind of trees grow well where it is moist(潮湿).

    做地点状语的通常都是介词短语，很少是从句

3.原因状语从句

  • 原因状语引导词

    because、as、since、in that 、seeing that、considering that、now that、given that

    都是因为的意思

  • 连词

    for 表示因为

  • 介词短语

    because of、due to、owing to 、thanks to 、for the sake of 、as a result of

  • 练习

    He had a car accient because he was careless.

    He had a car accident for he was careless.

    He had a car accident because of his carelessness.

4.目的状语从句

  • 引导词

    • so that 表示目的，通常放在句末，不放在句首。
    • in order that

  • 介词短语

    • to、in order to 、so as to 加动词原形

  • 例子

    We will ascend higher higher in order to over look farther.

    We will ascend higher higher in order that we overlook farther.

    farther:实际距离的远

    further:抽象意义的远

5.结果状语从句

  • 引导词

    • so… that so后面根形容词、副词
    • such…that such后面跟名词

  • 练习

    It feels so hot today that I wear my derss.

    My mama proves so kind that she is respected by all her colleagues.

  • so…that替换very

    作文中只要见到形容词和副词的地方都可以写成so…that的句型

6.让步状语从句

  • 什么是让步

    不把话说满，往后退一步

  • 引导词

    都为虽然尽管

    • although、though、even though、even if、as 、while

  • as的部分倒装

    as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放到句首构成部分倒装

    • As I love you 没法写成倒装，需要主系表结构.

      As I seem ugly,I keep gentle. 后面不能用but，but是连词，前后一致。

      Ugly as I seem ,I keep gentle.

    • Simple as the chart looks, the outlook behind proves far reaching national products become increasingly popular with Chinese customers.

  • while 的特殊用法

    表示虽然尽管时，只能放在句首不能放在句中。

  • 练习

    • Raising pets can cultivate the loving heart of kinds although they might be injurious to their families or neighbors.

7.方式状语从句

  • 引导词

    as、the way 、as if、as though 都译为好像似乎

  • 介词短语

    by、through、by means of、in…way、manner

  • 例子

    • She looks as if she were made of ice.

8.条件状语从句

  • 引导词

    suppose that、supposing that、if、unless、provided that、as long as、so long as

  • 练习

    So long as there is a little hope,I will never give up.

    So long as there seems a ghost of hope I will never give up. 主将从现

9.比较状语从句

  • 引导词

    as…as…、比较结构、than

  • 练习

    You are as beautiful as I am beautiful.

    You are as beautiful as I. as是引导词后面跟句子，后面也可省略，注意不是me。

    You are more beautiful than I.

六、状语和状语从句考点分析

1.写作

作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以加一个状语把句子拉长。

  • I love you for my whole life.

    I love you in my deep mind.

  • 你可以像猪一样生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐。

    One can live as if he were a pig conversely,he can never be as delighted as a pig (is) .

2.长难句分析

能够快速识别状语，并且能通顺地翻译出来。

  • 如何识别状语？

    只要在句子中见到以下的一坨东西就是状语：

    • 副词、比较、条件、结果、原因、让步、目的、方式、伴随(with)

  • 时间和地点什么时候是状语

    在分析长难句的时候见到n+时间/地点需要区分，其他情况不需要区分。

    I love a boy in ZheJiang University.

  • The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

  • Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

    社会科学是知识研究的一个分支，这种分支试图以同样的、理性的、系统的、有序的方式来研究人类和他们的行为，自然科学家也是用这种方式来研究自然现象的。

  • The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

    行为科学在缓慢的发展部分原因是一些解释可以很直接的观察到，部分原因是其他解释很难被找到。

  • Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such situations as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

    传统上来说在这些机构中，法律的学习被认为是律师所特有的行为 ，而不是一个受教育人知识储备的必备部分。

  • While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.（从句和动词不定式充当主语，通常都放到句末，加it做形式主语。)

    虽然在我们同年轻人交流的时候非常容易忽略我们的行为他们的情感，但是在和成年人接触的时候就没有那么容易了。

句子所有成分大总结

主语 谓语 宾语 表语 同位语 定语 状语
名词 实义动词 名词 名词 名词 名词 of 副词
代词 系动词 代词 代词 代词 代词
非谓语动词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词
从句 从句 从句 从句 从句 从句
形容词 形容词
介词短语 介词短语 介词短语

  • My mother is an elegant lady

    My mother is a lady of elegance.

    My mother is a lady as elegant as a lily.

    My mother is a lady looking as elegant as a lily.

    My mother is a lady who looks as beautiful as a lily.

  • She killed her husband with a sharp knife.

    when she applied a sharp knife, she killed her husband.

  • 从句都可以写成非谓语

    That I met you is my honor.

    It(形式主语) is my honor that I met you.

    Meeting you is my honor.

  • My dream is to pass the examination of postgraduates.

    My dream is that I can pass the examination of postgraduates.

英语长难句的模样

(状语、定语)主语(定语、同位语、状语)谓语(宾语)(定语、同位语、状语)

  • English as beautiful as flower and as popular as money is so vital that the world of people are used it to conversate each other.

  • English**,a universal language throughout the world **is vital although it is hard to recite these words.

  • I a university student will recommend you a tourist attraction which keeps popular with Chinese travelers.

补充as、than

as专题

  • as + 名词

    • 作为
    • As a logical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared(be) aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.

  • v + … + as:

    • as的意思取决于前面动词的意思
    • I define English as a language.
    • I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.
    • Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

  • as + 句子

    • 当as加句子的时候，as在引导方式状语从句，可能的意思有

      • 当…的时候

      • 因为

      • 虽然尽管

      • 好像似乎

      • 比较级

    • 定语从句

    • As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals ,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelation ships.

    • New forms of thought as well as new sub jects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance.

  • not so much as = not even 甚至不、没有

    • He cannot so much as spell a word.

  • not so much A as B 于其说A不如说B

    • He is not so much a teacher as a poet.

than专题

  • more A than B 与其说B不如说A

    • He is more a poet than a teacher.

  • more than…+ adj./adv. 非常的

  • more than…+ n. 不仅仅是

综合练习

  • 教师节就要来了，我借此机会向给我帮助的老师表达感谢。

    Teachers’ Day approaching, I express my sincere appreciation to teachers who have given me assistance by the chance.

    ‘s是加在名词后面表示XX的XX，比如说children’s toys.
    s’是带s的名词后表示xx的xx的，意义和’s相同，比如说，these pigs’ heads
    并不是可数不可数单数复数的区别，比如children就是复数后面用的一样是 's

  • The truth has been accepted by the mass that life becomes so short that every day should be valued.

强调句型

1. 构成

  • It is … that/who/which that都可以指，一般就用that

    强调句型可以强调句子中所有成分，唯独不能强调谓语。

    • I met my old flame in the street yesterday. current现在的 dreamboat梦中人
    • It was I that met old flame in the street yesterday.
    • It is to realize my dream that I am decide broking up with my boyfriend.

2. 写作

  • 写作中所有的句子都可以写成强调句型。

  • So far ,you have never realized that because you had unfavorable friends, you failed to go to your dreamful university.

    So far ,you have never realized that **It was **because you had unfavorable friends that you failed to go to your dreamful university

    注意时态

3. 长难句分析

  • But it is the arrival of new satellite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions that will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
  • Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
  • 区分主语从句与强调句
    • It is obviously that I love you.
    • It is obvious that I love you.

倒装

1.什么是倒装

倒装就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，也就是给一句话加个助动词或把be动词放在句首。

  • Do you love me？
  • Have been to Europe？
  • is your father teacher？

2. 倒装的具体用法

  • 否定词放在句首用倒装

    • I can hardly speak Japanese.

      hardly can I speak Japanese.

    • I by no means love you.

      By no means do I love you.

    • Playing phones not only influences the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.

      Not only does playing phones influence the physical and mental health of youngsters but also wastes their precious time.

    • Under no circumstances can we keep a blind eye to the issue of environmental protection.

  • so，nor/neither 位于句首，表示承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装。

    • I can cook. So can I.
    • I can not cook . Nor can I.

  • so…that 句型，把so引导的部分放到句首用倒装。

    • I feel so rejoiced that I lose my sleep for the whole night.

      So rejoiced do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.

  • only + 状语 放在句首用倒装

    • Only deeply do I love you.
    • Only when romance comes,will I hold his hands.
    • Only through adopting these actions can the isssue be handled as soon as possible.

  • as引导让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成倒装(前面讲过了)

  • 省略if的虚拟语气用倒装

    • If you had obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.

      Had you obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.

    • If I remembered you in my next life,we would never separate with each other.

      Did I remember you in my next life,we would never separate with each other.

3.写作

  • Not only can cultural exchange promote economic advance but also make our eyesight broad.

  • I am so exhausted that I have no energy throughout.

    So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout.

4.长难句分析

还原倒装部分后再做翻译

P162

虚拟语气

1.什么是虚拟语气

表示与事实相反或者是语气委婉

2.虚拟语气的一般用法

  • if引导的条件状语从句

    • If you are a tear in my eyes,I will never shed it.
    • If I was a dog last night,I could sleep with you.

  • 如何把正常的条件状语从句变为虚拟语气？

    只需要把已经写好的句子时态，变成它的过去式就可以了

    • If you were a tear in my eyes,I would never shed it.
    • If I had been a dog last night,I could have slept with you.

  • 在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式只有were，没有was。

  • could = would = might

  • If I remembered you in my next life,we would never separate with each other.

  • If you obeyed my instruction at the outset,you could pass the examination.

    If you had obeyed my instruction at the outset, you could have passed the examination.

  • If every citizen raised a pet in his family, the environment would be destroyed.

    每一个，是单数不是复数

3.虚拟语气的特殊用法

  • 以下情况从句用“should + v”， 表示虚拟，并且should可以省略。

    • 以防 incase、lest、for fear that
    • 命(命令) order、direct、command
    • 贱(建议) advise、suggest、propose
    • 要求 ask、request、demand、require
    • 用虚拟
    • 是必要的 It is necessary / important /crucial that…
    • 练习
      • Incase that you should develop fatal infections,you had better stay at home.
      • It seems crucial that more activities (should) be attended to show myself.

  • 以下情况从句用一般过去时表示虚拟

    • would rather
    • It is high time that…
      • It is high time that the independence of kids were cultivated by senior citizens.

  • 以下情况要区别对待

    就是把本来的时态写成过去式

    • wish 希望
    • if only 如果仅仅
    • but for 要不是
    • or/otherwise 如果、否则
    • as if/as though 好像似乎
    • 练习
      • If only I were your child
      • if only I had been you child

4.写作

  • 对于普通市民来说，保护小区环境，不乱丢垃圾是非常必要的。

    It is necessary that the community environment should be protected and rubbish be never dumped for common.

5.长难句分析

虚拟语气还是非虚拟语气都是直接翻译

情态动词

情态动词后+动词原形，情态动词相当于一个助动词。表达说话人的情感

1. 情态动词表示对现在或将来的推测

  • I must be wealthy.
  • it can be a boy.

2.情态动词表示对过去的推测

  • He must have been self-biased in his university.

    must have done 一定做过某事

    must 否定为 can not ，must not 为禁止

  • you need not have shown your love in this way.

    need not have down 本没必要做某事

  • I could have become a prominent poet,we should have got married if there exists a chance.

    could have down 本能够做某事但没有做，表示遗憾

    should have down 本没有做某事但没有做，不表示遗憾

插入语

  • 放在句子的主谓之间，通常是定语和状语放在主谓之间
  • 直接翻译用小括号隔开

​